AIFFVCITerm SheetSHADrag & TagExit
AMLEGALS / Transactions / Private Equity
Private Equity & Venture Capital

Capital meets clarity. Where governance becomes value.

AMLEGALS counsels funds, founders and portfolio companies across the holding period — from term sheet to exit. Every clause survives the round it was negotiated in, and the next three after it.

In private equity, the term sheet you sign in week three constrains every decision the company will make for the next seven years. We draft for the entire holding period — not just for closing.
27
Years of PE, VC and fund-formation counsel across Indian and offshore vehicles
6
Workstreams: fund, investment, SHA, governance, portfolio, exit
SEBI
AIF Regulations, FVCI Regulations and ICDR aligned across the holding period
Six workstreams • one operating system

From fund formation to fund return.

The discipline of a PE mandate is the discipline of the holding period. Each workstream feeds the next. The fund document constrains the SSA. The SSA constrains the SHA. The SHA decides the exit.

01

Fund Formation

AIF Cat I/II/III structuring. SEBI registration, IM and PPM drafting, contribution agreements, KYC and AML framework.

02

Investment & SSA

Indicative term sheet to subscription agreement. Conditions precedent, MAC, completion accounts, escrow architecture.

03

Shareholders Agreement

Anti-dilution, drag, tag, pre-emption, ROFO/ROFR. Liquidation preference. Board and reserved matters. Information rights.

04

Governance

Board operations, observer rights, audit and risk committees, dividend policy, related-party transactions framework.

05

Portfolio Support

Bolt-on M&A, refinancing, secondaries, follow-on funding rounds, ESOP design and IP and data compliance.

06

Exit & Realisation

Strategic sale, secondary, IPO. SHA exit chapter, drag, put option, buy-back. FEMA repatriation, tax efficiency, treaty positioning.

The AMLEGALS method

Six controlled stages — from sourcing to exit.

The earlier each stage is engineered, the lower the friction at the next.

01

Sourcing & LOI

Confidentiality, exclusivity, indicative valuation. Process letter.

02

Diligence

Legal, tax, IP, employment and data diligence — quantified, ranked.

03

Term Sheet

Six core clauses negotiated against deal economics, not templates.

04

SSA & SHA

Definitive documents mirror the term sheet, with full disclosure.

05

Governance

Board, observer, reserved matters, info rights, RPT framework live.

06

Exit

Strategic, secondary or IPO. SHA exit chapter executed end-to-end.

The doctrine

Govern the holding period, do not negotiate it round by round.

Most PE disputes are not litigation — they are clauses that worked at signing and broke at year three. We draft the SHA so the next round, the next CEO, the next regulator and the eventual exit are all already addressed in the document.

  • Reserved matters scoped against the strategy, not against the template
  • Anti-dilution math written for the down-round case, not the upside case
  • Exit mechanics that survive a change of control of the lead investor
  • Information rights designed to detect dilution and dispute before they happen
See the diligence engine
The instruments that govern PE in India
Four regulatory regimes set the boundary of every PE / VC mandate.
Each becomes a deal variable. We track them because the SHA has to live inside them.
AIF
SEBI AIF Regulations, 2012
Cat I (VC, SME, social, infra). Cat II (PE, debt). Cat III (hedge). Each category has its own investment, leverage and reporting regime.
SEBI AIF 2012
FVCI
Foreign Venture Capital Investor
Pricing-flexible inbound vehicle for select sectors. SEBI registration plus FEMA reporting. Used for early and growth-stage investments.
SEBI FVCI 2000
NDI
FEMA Non-Debt Instruments Rules, 2019
Inbound investment regime: pricing on fair value, sectoral caps, approval route triggers, repatriation, exit reporting.
FEMA NDI 2019
ICDR
SEBI ICDR — for pre-IPO PE
Lock-in (Reg 16), promoter dilution, restructuring window. PE secondaries pre-IPO are written to survive the DRHP review.
SEBI ICDR 2018

Interactive · Term Sheet Reader

Six clauses decide every venture and growth deal.

Pick the version of each clause you would sign today. We score how the document reads, end-to-end, on the founder ↔ investor spectrum.

Liquidation Preference
Founder side: 1x non-participating preference. Investor recovers invested capital first, then everything else flows pro-rata to common.
Investor side: 2x participating preference with cap. Investor takes 2x out before any distribution, then participates pro-rata up to a defined cap.
Anti-Dilution
Founder side: Broad-based weighted average. Adjustment formula spreads the dilution across the largest possible base.
Investor side: Full ratchet. Investor’s conversion price resets to the lowest issue price in the down round.
Drag-Along
Founder side: Drag triggers only above a defined valuation floor; founders co-sell on identical terms; tax indemnity capped.
Investor side: Drag at any price the investor accepts in good faith; minimal founder veto; broad transferability of drag right.
Tag-Along
Founder side: Full tag on all secondary transfers; pro-rata participation; identical price, terms, representations.
Investor side: Tag from a defined threshold (e.g. 10% block transfer); price discovery managed by lead investor.
Pre-emptive Rights
Founder side: Pre-emption only on primary issuances; transfer rights subject to ROFO not ROFR; founder secondaries protected.
Investor side: Pre-emption on all issuances and secondaries; ROFR on every founder transfer; affirmative covenants on cap-table changes.
Board & Governance
Founder side: Founder-majority board; investor observer or single director seat; reserved matters limited to fundamentals.
Investor side: Equal or investor-majority board; one investor director with veto on a long reserved-matters list; quorum requires investor.
Answers

What funds and founders ask before they sign.

Short, direct, on the record.

01Who does AMLEGALS act for in PE and VC transactions?

Both sides. We act for funds (Cat I/II/III AIFs, FVCIs, sector-focused VC and PE firms) on entry, deployment, governance and exit. We also act for founders and portfolio companies receiving institutional capital — from priced seed rounds to later-stage growth equity and pre-IPO secondaries.

02What is the typical scope of a Series A or growth-round mandate?

Term sheet review or drafting, due diligence (legal, tax, employment, IP, data), valuation framework, SSA, SHA, SHA amendments, board and reserved-matter design, regulatory filings (FEMA, RBI, ROC), employment and consultancy alignment, and the closing waterfall. Mandates typically run 6 to 14 weeks.

03How are anti-dilution, drag, tag and pre-emption typically negotiated?

Broad-based weighted-average anti-dilution is the Indian market default. Drag generally triggers above an agreed valuation floor with founder co-sale on identical terms. Tag is full on secondary transfers. Pre-emption applies to all primary issuances; some funds also negotiate it on secondaries. AMLEGALS prices every term against the deal economics, not against a template.

04How do you handle exit — strategic sale, IPO or secondary?

The SHA decides the exit. We draft and negotiate the SHA exit chapter (mandatory exit window, fall-back provisions, drag, IPO buy-back put), then execute the chosen route — strategic M&A, secondary sale to another fund, or a pre-IPO exit aligned to SEBI ICDR. Each route is sequenced against tax, FEMA and timing.

05What about cross-border investors — FVCI, NRI, fund-of-funds?

FVCI registration unlocks pricing flexibility and direct ten-sectoral access; NRI and OCI investors come in under FEMA Schedule IV; fund-of-funds invest through their domestic feeder or directly under the OI Rules 2022. AMLEGALS structures the inbound vehicle, manages the registrations, and aligns the cap-table to the cross-border architecture.

Engage AMLEGALS

Bring us the term sheet before the LP communication goes out.

The cleanest fund returns are written into the term sheet, not extracted out of disputes.

Request a confidential consultation[email protected]
Engagements are conducted under attorney work product and privilege.