Buy SideSell SideCross-BorderCCIFEMASEBI
AMLEGALS / Transactions / M&A Advisory
Mergers & Acquisitions

Engineering the deal, defending the value.

AMLEGALS counsels acquirers, sellers and boards across the M&A lifecycle — from strategic rationale to closing and the survival period. Every contested clause is priced. Every regulatory trigger is mapped. Every deal is defended.

A transaction is a contest of asymmetries. The side with better counsel is the side that controls the agenda, prices the risk and writes the document that signs.
27
Years of full-spectrum transactional counsel
6
Workstreams: strategy, valuation, structure, negotiation, regulatory, integration
15+
Sectors covered — SaaS, BFSI, manufacturing, healthcare, infra, retail
Six workstreams • one operating system

The full operating system of an M&A transaction.

Buy side or sell side, domestic or cross-border — every mandate runs through six interconnected workstreams. Each one is owned by a partner. None of them moves without the others.

01

Strategic Rationale

Market entry, capability, vertical integration, talent. The rationale is documented and stress-tested against the price.

02

Valuation & Pricing

DCF, comps and transaction multiples. Bridge from enterprise value to equity value, with cash-free / debt-free adjustments.

03

Deal Structure

Share, asset or slump sale. Cash, stock or earn-out. Domestic, inbound or outbound. Three axes — one defensible answer.

04

Negotiation & Documentation

SPA, BTA, scheme. Reps, warranties, indemnities, escrow, set-off and survival periods written to the diligence findings.

05

Regulatory Clearances

CCI under Section 5/6 with DVT. FEMA NDI and OI Rules. SEBI Takeover Code and LODR. Sectoral regulators in parallel.

06

Integration & Day-One

Long-stop date defended. Day-one playbook executed. Indemnity, earn-out audit and MAC enforcement owned through survival.

The AMLEGALS method

Six stages. One number at the end — the price the board can defend.

Each stage hands clean inputs to the next. Diligence findings become SPA indemnities. Indemnities survive into disclosure schedules. The structure agreed at term sheet still holds at closing.

01

Origination

Define the why. Validate the rationale. Pressure-test the price assumption.

02

Term Sheet

Exclusivity scoped, break-fees defined, valuation language non-binding.

03

Valuation

DCF + comps. Cash-free / debt-free adjustments. Working capital peg.

04

Structure

Share / asset / slump. Cash / stock / earn-out. Domestic / inbound / outbound.

05

Sign

Definitive documents executed. Conditions precedent listed. Long-stop set.

06

Close

CPs satisfied. Consideration flows. Day-one integration playbook executes.

The TCL Framework

Read every contested clause through technical, commercial and legal lenses.

A clause is never just a sentence in a document. It is a financial outcome wrapped in a regulatory constraint, dressed in legal text. AMLEGALS reads every contested clause through three lenses simultaneously — technical, commercial and legal.

  • Technical: what does the clause actually do, mechanically
  • Commercial: what does it cost the deal, or save it
  • Legal: what defends it in a court or before a regulator
  • One position, three lenses, no internal contradictions
See the diligence engine
The four statutes that govern Indian deals
Every Indian transaction lives inside four enforcement clocks at once.
Sections, sub-sections and notifications that decide the timing, the price and the path of every deal.
Sec 5/6
Competition Act, 2002
Plus the Combination Regulations and the deal-value threshold under the 2023 Amendment. Standstill. Suspensory regime. CCI clearance before closing.
CCI Act 2002
FEMA
NDI & OI Rules
Non-Debt Instruments Rules 2019 for inbound. Overseas Investment Rules and Directions 2022 for outbound. Sectoral caps, pricing, reporting.
FEMA 1999
25%
SEBI Takeover Code threshold
SAST Regulations 2011: 25% voting rights or control triggers mandatory open offer at the higher of the prescribed prices.
SEBI SAST 2011
PN3
Press Note 3 review
FDI from land-bordering countries requires prior government approval. Adds 6–12 months to the timeline; deal model has to accommodate.
DPIIT PN3 2020

Interactive · Deal Structure Selector

Three decisions decide the deal.

Structure, consideration and cross-border. Toggle each axis to see the consequences — tax, regulatory, stamp duty, integration. This is the conversation we lead with every board before a term sheet is drafted.

1 · Structure

2 · Consideration

3 · Border

Share Acquisition

  • Target entity survives; all assets, contracts and licences travel with it.
  • Acquirer inherits all liabilities — known, unknown, statutory, contingent.
  • Stamp duty on share transfer (0.015–25· on Companies Act share certificates / depository).
  • Trigger SEBI Takeover Code, Section 5–6 of Competition Act, FEMA pricing on cross-border.

All-Cash Consideration

  • Fastest closing; cleanest tax outcome; certainty of value at signing.
  • No alignment of interests post-closing — add representations, indemnities and escrow.
  • Maximum financing burden on acquirer; covenant package on lenders mirrors deal docs.

Domestic (India → India)

  • No FEMA pricing requirement; income-tax and stamp duty drive structure.
  • CCI thresholds: target assets > Rs.500Cr or turnover > Rs.2000Cr in India.
  • SEBI Takeover Code triggers on listed targets at 25· voting rights.
Answers

Questions boards ask before they sign.

Short, direct, on the record.

01What is the scope of AMLEGALS M&A advisory?

AMLEGALS counsels acquirers and sellers across the entire deal lifecycle: strategic rationale and structuring, valuation framework, term sheet and exclusivity, full due diligence, definitive documentation (SPA, BTA, scheme), regulatory clearances under the Competition Act, FEMA and SEBI, signing, closing and integration support.

02Do you handle cross-border and inbound transactions?

Yes. Inbound deals are structured under the FEMA Non-Debt Instruments Rules and sectoral caps, Press Note 3 review for land-bordering jurisdictions, fair-value pricing and repatriation planning. Outbound deals are run under the Overseas Investment Rules and Directions, 2022, with treaty and host-country counsel coordination.

03How do you decide between share, asset and slump-sale structures?

Structure is driven by four variables: liability appetite of the acquirer, tax outcome for the seller, stamp duty exposure on the asset base, and consent management on contracts and licences. We map the target against all four and recommend the structure that gives the deal the lowest combined risk and highest after-tax value.

04What thresholds trigger CCI merger-control filings in India?

The Competition Act sets cumulative tests at the enterprise and group level under Section 5, plus a deal-value threshold under Section 6 introduced by the Competition (Amendment) Act, 2023. AMLEGALS runs the trigger analysis at term-sheet stage so timing risk is priced in before exclusivity is signed.

05When should we appoint counsel — before or after the term sheet?

Before. The exclusivity letter, term-sheet and process letter set the architecture of the deal. We have unwound deals where founders signed an exclusivity without break-fee carve outs or with binding pricing language. The cost of correcting that later is always higher than getting it right on day one.

Engage AMLEGALS

Bring us the deal while the term sheet is still a draft.

The earliest mandate is the most valuable mandate. Scope, structure, jurisdiction and warranty architecture are decided long before signing.

Request a confidential consultation[email protected]
Engagements are conducted under attorney work product and privilege.